Hundreds of metres of fencing at Reediehill deer farm in Auchtermuchty was cut down in an attempt to set around 500 deer free.
In addition, signs leading to the farm were spraypainted with slogans such as 'Deer farms are prisons', 'Scum' and 'This is a wildlife prison'.
Owners Nicola (54) and John Fletcher (59) also discovered the letters 'ALF' daubed on their property, leading them to believe the attack may have been carried out by the Animal Liberation Front (ALF).
Fife Police are investigating the incident, which happened between 11 p.m. on Wednesday and 7 a.m. last Thursday morning.
The couple's daughter Stella Fletcher (28), who also works on the farm, said: "The farming we do here is about the most humane way of producing meat.
"We have seen things like this down south, but I think my mum and dad are pretty shocked and angry that it has happened to them.
"It's not very nice to think of people walking around your farm when you are asleep."
The family, who live on the farm, received hate mail around 25 years ago for farming deer.
However, the vandalism on Thursday was the first time the property had been physically attacked.
Mr Fletcher has farmed deer at Reediehill for over 35 years and is chairman of the British Deer Farmers Association.
He has also actively campaigned to see action taken over similar attacks on farms in England.
Chillingly, the message 'See you soon' was painted on one of the farm signs — suggesting that the attackers could strike again.
As a precaution, the family have been told not to open any mail sent to them on or near the farm and have taken steps to prevent a similar attack in future.
The family said that they have received numerous letters, e-mails and phone calls of support.
North East Fife MP, Sir Menzies Campbell, said: "This kind of hooliganism is totally misplaced.
"I have seen for myself the care and dedication which John and Nicola Fletcher display towards the welfare of the deer at Reediehill.
"It is interesting that those who carry out these attacks never have the courage to engage in open public debate with those they target."
Superintendent Bill Lawrie of Fife Police said it was too early to say whether an individual group was responsible.